Epigenetics, Longevity and Health-span
with guest: Erin Sharoni
Everywhere you turn you hear about the importance of epigenetics. There are now tests that boast the ability of determining your biological age. We hear that through the manipulation of epigenetics we can change our biological age. We know that methylation plays an important role in epigenetics. We also know that some of the epigenetic changes are capable of being passed down through trans-generational effects. We know a lot more about epigenetics today than we did just 5 years ago. What we are yet to understand is what steps to take to effectively change our epigenome to improve not only the length of our lives but the quality and avoidance of disease. Today we will discuss several studies that when tied together give us some answers and actionable steps to improve our own outcome.
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- Studies Discussed On This Show:
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Myths and Mechanisms
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867414002864 -
The NASA Twins Study: A multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight https://science.sciencemag.org/content/364/6436/eaau8650
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Epigenetic changes during aging and their reprogramming potential https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10409238.2019.1570075
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Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2975-4 -
Erosion of the Epigenetic Landscape and Loss of Cellular Identity as a Cause of Aging in Mammals
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3461780 -
DNA Break-Induced Epigenetic Drift as a Cause of Mammalian Aging
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3466338 -
The Hallmarks of Aging
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867413006454 -
SIRT1 Redistribution on Chromatin Promotes Genomic Stability but Alters Gene Expression during Aging https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867408013172
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Reprogramming the Epigenome With Vitamin C
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2019.00128/full -
Aging and DNA methylation
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0118-4 -
The aging epigenome
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1097276516301502
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Show Notes:
Epigenetics, Longevity and Health-span
[5:00] Aging is difficult to notice in the moment.
- You only observe it when looking back, not going forward.
[7:52] Trans generational epigenetic inheritance- How much of this idea is meaningful?
- There are still many things that are not known mechanistically.
- If there is a backup copy of the genome, where is it stored?
[16:10] The role of neonatal genes.
[18:20] The NASA twin study.
- One twin stayed on Earth, one went to space.
- Ionizing radiation would logically change methylation in the epigenome.
- Nearly no significant changes were observed though.
[32:00] The entourage effect explained.
[37:50] Sirtuins.
- A critical component of longevity.
- Cellular control proteins.
- They help the cell repair DNA damage and achieve homeostasis.
- Silent information regulator.
[50:20] Carl’s caffeine story.
[51:20] The hallmarks of aging.
- 9 different hallmarks.
- Primary- causes of damage.
- Antagonistic- response to damage.
- Integrative- culprits in the phenotype.
[53:48] Metabolic debris
[1:04:00] The downsides of caffeine.
- It increases CRP and decreases insulin sensitivity.
