Abstract: The composition in terms of proximate analysis, cholesterol, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids of the lean tissue of 17 beef cuts and 18 lamb cuts was determined on within-cut composite samples (each containing lean tissue from at least 7 animals), following the knife-separation of raw and cooked cuts into lean, fat, and bone. Composite lean samples for 4 beef cuts and 4 lamb cuts were also analysed for amino-acid composition. For analysis, different cuts were the experimental unit as individual animal data were not available. The composition of lean from beef and lamb was shown to be highly desirable with a high nutrient density (mg/kJ) for many nutrients. Although lean from beef and lamb were very similar in many respects, several significant differences were detected. Changes in composition with cooking were largely eliminated when considered on a dry-matter basis, but proportions of the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with cooking (P < 0.05). The amino acid composition was similar for lean from beef and lamb but showed small deviations from recommended patterns for human nutrition with branched chain amino acids being limiting.
Alex’s Notes: I don’t have much to say about this study. I found it interesting as I am a huge fan of ruminant meats, with beef being the most commonly consumed but lamb being my favorite. This study took 17 cuts of beef and 18 cuts of lamb with the goal of reporting the nutrient composition for both raw and cooked meats. More importantly, in my opinion, was that the beef and lamb cuts came from animals that were completely pasture-finished, which gives a more “natural” look at the meat composition than the conventional feed-lot data from the USDA.
To keep things simple, I summarized the findings into the below tables.
|
Beef |
Lamb |
||
|
Number of samples |
Ckd |
17 |
18 |
|
Raw |
17 |
18 |
|
|
Water % |
Ckd |
61.12 ± 4.27 |
63.36 ± 4.98 |
|
Raw |
72.16 ± 1.79 |
72.69 ± 1.80 |
|
|
Energy (kJ/100 g) |
Ckd |
824.0 ± 128.5 |
815.0 ± 161.7 |
|
Raw |
580.1 ± 82.2 |
589.7 ± 94.5 |
|
|
Protein % |
Ckd |
30.34 ± 2.72 |
27.28 ± 3.15 |
|
Raw |
21.10 ± 0.76 |
20.61 ± 0.87 |
|
|
Fat % |
Ckd |
8.48 ± 3.18 |
9.61 ± 3.83 |
|
Raw |
6.09 ± 2.34 |
6.56 ± 2.64 |
|
|
Ash % |
Ckd |
1.05 ± 0.31 |
1.13 ± 0.19 |
|
Raw |
0.96 ± 0.06 |
1.05 ± 0.12 |
|
|
Cholesterol (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
82.6 ± 10.6 |
87.5 ± 16.4 |
|
Raw |
54.6 ± 3.5 |
63.5 ± 3.9 |
|
Vitamin |
Beef |
Lamb |
|
|
Vitamin B1 (mg/100 g) [Thiamine] |
Ckd |
0.038 ± 0.019 |
0.069 ± 0.043 |
|
Raw |
0.047 ± 0.012 |
0.095 ± 0.038 |
|
|
Vitamin B2 (mg/100 g) [Riboflavin] |
Ckd |
0.131 ± 0.039 |
0.195 ± 0.045 |
|
Raw |
0.097 ± 0.025 |
0.162 ± 0.027 |
|
|
Vitamin B3 (mg/100 g) [Niacin] |
Ckd |
3.25 ± 1.12 |
5.14 ± 1.71 |
|
Raw |
3.49 ± 0.69 |
5.13 ± 0.88 |
|
|
Vitamin B5 (mg/100 g) [Pantothenic acid] |
Ckd |
0.394 ± 0.208 |
0.580 ± 0.254 |
|
Raw |
0.393 ± 0.180 |
0.504 ± 0.177 |
|
|
Vitamin B6 (mg/100 g) [Pyridoxine] |
Ckd |
0.214 ± 0.081 |
0.164 ± 0.070 |
|
Raw |
0.267 ± 0.058 |
0.154 ± 0.049 |
|
|
Vitamin B12 (μg/100 g) [Cyanocobalamin] |
Ckd |
1.52 ± 0.38 |
1.77 ± 0.48 |
|
Raw |
1.69 ± 0.51 |
1.85 ± 0.52 |
|
|
Vitamin A (μg/100 g) [Retinol] |
Ckd |
12.1 ± 3.0 |
4.50 ± 2.65 |
|
Raw |
9.38 ± 2.80 |
4.69 ± 2.27 |
|
|
Vitamin D3 (μg/100 g) [Cholecalciferol] |
Ckd |
0.216 ± 0.078 |
0.053 ± 0.045 |
|
Raw |
0.146 ± 0.053 |
0.043 ± 0.041 |
|
|
25-OH vitamin D3 (μg/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.169 ± 0.033 |
0.127 ± 0.052 |
|
Raw |
0.131 ± 0.041 |
0.128 ± 0.039 |
|
|
Vitamin E (mg/100 g) [alpha-tocopherol] |
Ckd |
0.708 ± 0.217 |
0.385 ± 0.118 |
|
Raw |
0.451 ± 0.128 |
0.287 ± 0.079 |
|
Mineral |
Beef |
Lamb |
|
|
Calcium (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
6.06 ± 3.09 |
16.1 ± 15.5 |
|
Raw |
4.67 ± 2.79 |
9.66 ± 6.76 |
|
|
Copper (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.106 ± 0.040 |
0.138 ± 0.023 |
|
Raw |
0.077 ± 0.029 |
0.105 ± 0.020 |
|
|
Iodine (μg/100 g) |
Ckd |
1.40 ± 0.71 |
1.73 ± 0.70 |
|
Raw |
1.12 ± 0.83 |
1.54 ± 0.66 |
|
|
Iron (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
2.56 ± 0.55 |
1.79 ± 0.32 |
|
Raw |
1.91 ± 0.28 |
1.35 ± 0.21 |
|
|
Magnesium (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
21.2 ± 4.5 |
23.5 ± 3.7 |
|
Raw |
20.7 ± 1.7 |
22.2 ± 2.3 |
|
|
Manganese (μg/100 g) |
Ckd |
11.97 ± 3.80 |
10.72 ± 1.88 |
|
Raw |
8.72 ± 2.18 |
9.15 ± 1.68 |
|
|
Phosphorus (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
182 ± 44 |
195 ± 36 |
|
Raw |
181 ± 14 |
187 ± 17 |
|
|
Potassium (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
266 ± 109 |
303 ± 76 |
|
Raw |
325 ± 22 |
328 ± 26 |
|
|
Selenium (μg/100 g) |
Ckd |
3.17 ± 1.68 |
6.52 ± 2.21 |
|
Raw |
2.20 ± 1.17 |
4.45 ± 1.28 |
|
|
Sodium (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
39.8 ± 11.2 |
68.3 ± 14.3 |
|
Raw |
50.4 ± 8.1 |
71.8 ± 13.7 |
|
|
Zinc (mg/100 g) |
Ckd |
5.16 ± 1.19 |
4.15 ± 1.32 |
|
Raw |
3.69 ± 0.84 |
3.02 ± 0.59 |
|
Item |
Beef |
Lamb |
|
|
Total FA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
6.28 ± 2.49 |
6.50 ± 2.60 |
|
Raw |
4.67 ± 1.94 |
4.65 ± 1.74 |
|
|
SFA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
2.89 ± 1.15 |
3.48 ± 1.51 |
|
Raw |
2.17 ± 0.91 |
2.45 ± 1.60 |
|
|
MUFA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
3.03 ± 1.35 |
2.51 ± 0.98 |
|
Raw |
2.25 ± 1.04 |
1.82 ± 0.63 |
|
|
PUFA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.359 ± 0.080 |
0.507 ± 0.132 |
|
Raw |
0.249 ± 0.056 |
0.376 ± 0.086 |
|
|
n-6 PUFA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.180 ± 0.039 |
0.191 ± 0.040 |
|
Raw |
0.123 ± 0.024 |
0.150 ± 0.035 |
|
|
n-3 PUFA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.134 ± 0.025 |
0.186 ± 0.042 |
|
Raw |
0.093 ± 0.017 |
0.144 ± 0.032 |
|
|
Linoleic acid (C18:2 n6) (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.116 ± 0.027 |
0.156 ± 0.035 |
|
Raw |
0.082 ± 0.020 |
0.121 ± 0.027 |
|
|
Linolenic acid (C18:3 n3) (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.073 ± 0.016 |
0.128 ± 0.039 |
|
Raw |
0.052 ± 0.013 |
0.096 ± 0.025 |
|
|
n-6/n-3 |
Ckd |
1.34 ± 0.14 |
1.03 ± 0.12 |
|
Raw |
1.33 ± 0.15 |
1.04 ± 0.11 |
|
|
LCn3FA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.061 ± 0.014 |
0.059 ± 0.014 |
|
Raw |
0.041 ± 0.009 |
0.048 ± 0.015 |
|
|
EPA + DHA (g/100 g) |
Ckd |
0.026 ± 0.008 |
0.033 ± 0.012 |
|
Raw |
0.018 ± 0.005 |
0.029 ± 0.013 |
|
|
CLA (c9-t11) |
Ckd |
0.045 ± 0.030 |
0.130 ± 0.061 |
|
Raw |
0.033 ± 0.024 |
0.082 ± 0.044 |
